Despite his actual term at the helm of the New York City government kicking off some 1.5 months from now, Eric Adams, the city’s mayor-elect, has already started governing by publicity. Making the Empire City more business and tech-friendly is a centerpiece of Adams’ vocally projected agenda, and — much to the crypto community’s delight — the incoming mayor has made a point to repeatedly declare his support for all things Bitcoin (BTC).

In the days following his Nov. 2 victory, Adams, the former Brooklyn borough president and a former police officer, issued a chain of crypto-friendly statements ranging from a pledge to take his first three paychecks in Bitcoin to suggesting that digital finance courses be incorporated into school’s curriculum.

The mayor’s office, however, is just one of several centers of power that have a say in setting the rules for the finance industry — and not the most influential one. The regulatory power that currently exists in the state of New York makes it one of the tougher United States jurisdictions for crypto businesses to navigate. So, what power does the New York City mayor have to introduce real change?

The state of New York crypto regulation

Getting a top city official who is all in on cryptocurrency is a welcome development for one of the world’s major financial centers. New York is considered to be one of the most challenging jurisdictions in the U.S. to conduct business involving digital assets, as Gary DeWaal, chair of financial markets and regulation practice at law firm Katten, told Cointelegraph.

According to DeWaal, the principal cause of this difficulty is New York’s BitLicense regime that requires entities conducting a broad range of crypto-related activities involving the state of New York or its residents to obtain a specialized license from the New York State Department of Financial Services.

Such activities include receiving digital currency for transmission or transmitting it; storing, holding or maintaining custody of crypto on behalf of others; buying and selling crypto or performing exchange services as a customer business; and controlling, administering or issuing a digital currency.

Konstantin Boyko-Romanovsky, CEO of blockchain firm Allnodes, noted to Cointelegraph that a BitLicense is not required for mining activities, nor for businesses that offer their services and products in exchange for cryptocurrencies. He added: “That’s a start, but it’s a narrow niche and it needs expanding.”

Bo Oney, head of compliance at Bitcoin ATM provider Coinsource — one of the first companies to receive a BitLicense in the state of New York — said that the aim of these regulations has always been to protect consumers, keep bad actors at bay, and establish operational and responsibility requirements for cryptocurrency companies. Still, Oney admitted that the administration for these rules is oftentimes far from seamless:

“It is certainly true that the time and delays when it comes to receiving a BitLicense can be frustrating. Streamlining the application process and improving correspondence times with NYDFS should be top priorities for improvement.”

BitLicense side effects

Last week, community-focused crypto project CityCoins launched NewYorkCityCoin (NYCCoin) — a digital asset allowing users to fill the city’s coffers by mining it, all while earning rewards via the Stacks protocol and its native STX token. While CityCoins has not formally partnered with New York City for the initiative, Adams has enthusiastically welcomed NYCCoin’s arrival.

Yet, there is a catch. There is no legal way for New Yorkers to mine the coin designed to support their city.

Cointelegraph’s senior copy editor, Jonathan DeYoung — a New Yorker who recently wrote a crypto guide to NYC for Cointelegraph Magazine — noted that as a New York state resident, he has no means of purchasing STX, as it is not available on any exchange holding a BitLicense:

“STX is required to mine NYCCoin, meaning that I, effectively, cannot mine NYCCoin despite living in NYC. Of course, one could use a VPN and purchase it through a non-KYC platform like Binance, but it’s terribly ironic that the average NYC resident will be prohibited from mining their own city’s coin.”

While in the short term this contradiction can be overcome by a BitLicense-holding exchange like Coinbase adding support for the token, in a more general scheme of things this suggests that the existing regulatory regime could be cutting New Yorkers off from meaningful parts of digital asset infrastructure.

Unfriendly enforcement

Another source of concern for crypto firms looking to offer services to New York residents is the Office of the New York State Attorney General. Letitia James — the incumbent attorney general who has announced her intention to run for governor next year — has a history of pursuing harsh enforcement action against crypto industry players and issuing ample warnings of the dangers of cryptocurrency trading.

In fact, NYAG had been applying increased scrutiny to digital-asset businesses even before James took office in early 2019. Katten’s DeWaal commented to Cointelegraph:

“The issuance by the New York Attorney General of its September 2018 Virtual Markets Integrity Initiative report that identified by name-specific crypto platforms and their adherence to certain best or alleged problematic practices — after certain relevant information was volunteered by the platforms — was not helpful in promoting New York as a blockchain-technology friendly locale.”

This approach, DeWaal maintained, is better described as public naming and shaming rather than “eradicating bad apples through due process of law.”

What can be done?

Introducing changes to the BitLicense regime that would allow more firms to clear the compliance bar and streamline the approval process could be a major step in the direction of making New York a more welcoming crypto destination. This, however, is out of Adams’ hands, as DeWaal said:

“Ultimately, it will be up to the New York State Department of Financial Services to try to expedite the Bitlicense application process as well as to determine legal requirements that might be interpreted in a more business-friendly manner.”

Making more sweeping changes to the BitLicense regime would require action from the state legislature in Albany.

Oney observed that one approach that has worked well in other places is establishing regulatory sandboxes to spur financial innovation. He commented to Cointelegraph:

“Other jurisdictions have been very successful in driving innovation through sandboxes, like the FCA in the United Kingdom where early-stage tech companies can exchange directly with the leading institutions within their sandbox and test and verify the applicability of solutions in practice.”

While creating a fintech sandbox in New York City would definitely require cooperation between multiple city agencies, it is reasonable to expect a mayor to spearhead such an effort.

Finally, there is a full arsenal of tools that belong to the domain of publicity. From raising awareness of the benefits and opportunities of blockchain technology and digital assets to, say, appointing a deputy mayor with a focus on strategically promoting fintech-related initiatives, the role of the New York City government’s executive branch provides wide latitude in addressing a formidable audience of over 8 million potential crypto allies.